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This response is attributed to the presence of silica fume in these two concrete grades.
Open image in new window Figure 6 Comparison of load-compression variations of same diameter tubes filled with different concrete grades.
Open image in new window Figure 8 Comparison of energy-compression variations of same diameter tubes filled with different concrete grades.
Design mixes were prepared to achieve concrete grades C25, C30, C35, C40 and C45 for each of the three replacement levels.
Characteristic service life of a range of normal Portland cement (NPC) concrete grades was evaluated as a function of 28-day strength and cover depths for a nominated confidence level.
The results of the study showed that for all concrete grades, 25% sand replacement level gave higher (7.9%) modulus of elasticity (MoE) while 100% sand replacement level gave lower (8.6%) MoE relative to 0% sand replacement level.
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Concrete grade M30 and steel Fe-415 have been used.
Figure 4 shows that samples made with high strength concrete (grade I) have greater normalized tensile strengths than samples made with lower strength source concrete (grade III).
Department of Environment (DOE) method was adopted for the mix design to produce concrete Grade 40.
The key parameters investigated were amplitude of cyclic loading procedure, bolt grade, tube wall thickness, and concrete grade.
(2) The critical confinement index (ξcr) was varied with concrete grade.
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