The test variables include strength of concrete, amount and spacing of transverse reinforcement, configuration of ties and amount and yield strength of longitudinal reinforcement.
Finally, by taking into account mix-design technology, which has already been developed for OPC concrete, the amount of binder required to produce a geopolymer concrete could be reduced.
Also, even though concrete generally comprises cement, water, and fine and coarse aggregates, in the case of modified concrete, the amount of cement paste added during modification of the original aggregate must be taken into consideration in the concrete-mix design.
The test variables included temperature of exposure, concrete strength, amount of confining reinforcement and yield strength of transverse confining steel.
For this purpose, axial compressive tests are conducted with three parameters, peak strength of concrete, confining amount of FRP wire, and epoxy application.
To design of good quality concrete, the amount of cement paste and water should be minimized as low as possible to obtain the high ultrasonic pulse velocity.
Prestressed concrete reduces the amount of steel and concrete needed in a structure, leading to lighter designs that are often less expensive than designs of reinforced concrete.
Although experimental studies were conducted to mitigate the AS of internally cured concrete with SAP, research on the relationship between the AS of concrete and the amount of IC water provided by SAP is still lacking.
Two parameters of concrete strength and amount of confinement were chosen.
Portland cement (PC), the main binder of concrete, emits substantial amount of CO2 and reduces nature's resource of limestone during its manufacture (Provis and van Deventer 2009).
