Here, we evaluated the potential benefits of concomitantly overexpressing the chondrogenic TGF-β and sox9 factors using multiple rAAV vectors in human bone marrow aspirates with respect to their stimulatory effects as independent treatments in similar samples (Frisch et al. 2016; Rey-Rico et al. 2015) or as a combination in isolated human MSCs (Tao et al. 2016).
We suggest that a greater understanding of the biologic mechanisms whereby HVHF may exert a therapeutic benefit or alternatively concomitantly contribute harm should be undertaken before conducting further large-scale RCTs to assess its utility as an adjuvant therapy in septic AKI.
Because troxacitabine has potent antitumor activity in human pancreatic xenografts [ 10] and gemcitabine is currently used as first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer of the pancreas, the current work was undertaken to determine if they can be used concomitantly, thereby providing additive or synergistic benefits against pancreatic cancer.
The magnitude of survival benefit if chemotherapy was applied concomitantly with radiotherapy was 8% at 5 years as compared to radiotherapy alone in the meta-analysis undertaken by the MACH-NC Study Group [ 2, 3].
Concomitantly, several randomized controlled trials have shown no benefit of arthroscopic procedures including arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in middle-aged and older individuals suffering from knee pain with or without knee osteoarthritis.
In this study, we show for the first time that MSCs also enhance neurite outgrowth, which benefits brain recovery after stroke, by concomitantly decreasing the expression of the tPA inhibitor PAI-1 and increasing the activity of tPA in astrocytes in the peri-infarct area of ischemic brain.
A recent study investigating potential effects of MTX co-medication with TNF inhibitor (TNFi) - a type of biologic - on treatment response and persistence in PsA patients found a benefit in terms of treatment persistence of using MTX concomitantly with another TNFi [ 14].
PDE 3A/3B expression and activity are also enhanced in PH (Murray et al., 2002), and the presence of this 'cGMP-inhibited' PDE might underlie the synergistic cytoprotective activity of NO and prostacyclin in PH, and explain the benefit of co-administration of therapies promoting these pathways concomitantly [i.e. sildenafil and iloprost (Wilkens et al., 2001)].
Therefore, targeting c-MYC might be of therapeutic benefit when used sequentially with chemo- and radiotherapy rather than concomitantly.
Each method has distinct benefits for increasing typing resolution, and can be used concomitantly to increase the overall power of molecular typing.
