If the study findings are positive and conclusive, this intervention could be adopted widely – not only in ICUs, but also within the primary and secondary public and private health service institutions, residential and nursing homes.
This growing body of observational literature warrants the need for more conclusive findings from intervention studies to elucidate whether there is a causal role of IS and PCS in the cardiorenal milieu, or whether they are in fact biomarkers in vivo.
However, five limitations prevent us drawing conclusive inferences regarding interventions' risk-minimizing ability to eliminate or prevent it.
Moreover, systematic reviews can be a source of knowledge for healthcare practice, provided that they give conclusive evidence that interventions are effective, ineffective or harmful.
Finally, we examined the review conclusions to assess whether the experimental intervention was conclusive, ineffective, harmful or contained inconclusive evidence.
With 1-year mortality rates as high as 40%, recent practice guidelines of professional societies recommend repair or replacement, but there remains a lack of conclusive evidence supporting either intervention.
Although such observational data can be useful in determining the effect of an intervention [8], conclusive evidence of this assumption is not available from randomized controlled trials.
There were no conclusive differences between the intervention and a control across all outcomes.
Therefore, it is difficult to draw conclusive comparisons as the intervention in our study was active individual music therapy administered once a week.
In the absence of conclusive evidence from randomized intervention trials, our study provides further epidemiological support for glucose lowering as a strategy to reduce amputation in patients with diabetes.
