If neither criteria was met, the study would proceed to the second stage, recruiting an additional 20 patients (total n=53), concluding efficacy only if ⩾6 pCRs were observed.
Both primary end points should be statistically significant to conclude early efficacy or futility as opposed to the final efficacy analysis where success was achieved if one of the primary end points was significant.
Based upon the various assays used to measure cellular uptake of liposomes, we conclude the efficacy of cytoplasmic delivery by AVE-liposomes to cells in culture.
The probability to conclude for efficacy at the end of stage 1 is α2 = 3.7 %, whereas p = 35.0%%.
We conclude that efficacy of effect is not overtly dependent on the number of manipulated neurons but rather on their specific connectivity and/or function.
Based on the differences seen when the blocker concentration increases, we conclude that efficacy level obtained with flow cytometry was higher than that of the microplate reader method.
Despite the apparent reported positive findings, it is premature to conclude the efficacy of SZRD for the treatment of insomnia because the included studies were of generally poor quality and had small sample sizes.
Nevertheless, given the small sample size as well as retrospective design of the present study, future larger-scale prospective studies would be warranted to conclude the efficacy of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine and glutamine supplementation in wound healing among diabetic dialysis patients.
Regardless of the prospective or retrospective design, comparisons with pediatric group studies could not conclude the efficacy of the pediatric protocol in young adults, however, the only study of an adult group included only standard-risk ALL patients (WBC count ⩽30 × 10/l, and absence of t(9 22), t(1 19), t(4 11) or any other 11q23 rearrangements).
If X t ≤ r t, futility is concluded; otherwise efficacy is concluded by rejecting H0.
