At the social policy level, concerted efforts are need to combat gender-based violence not only as a human rights issue but as a major risk factor for poor maternal and newborn health; health professionals must actively engage in this advocacy.
In yeast, it has been shown that the level of concerted evolution is positively correlated with gene expression levels, suggesting that dosage-sensitive genes are likely to favor concerted evolution [ 41].
That is why we need concerted action at European level: a common economic policy, particularly in the field of public investment, so that we can boost growth rates and tackle the unemployment problem.
Although our phylogenetic analysis did not recover close relationships amongst these genes in Sphaeromyxa, it is possible that some level of concerted evolution might also occur between the nematogalectin related and the nematogalectin A gene in Sphaeromyxa.
Modern breeding efforts have scarcely changed the percentage of heterozygous loci or the frequency of homozygous, single-dose, and duplex loci on a genome level, despite concerted efforts by breeders.
For gene duplicates undergoing some level of concerted evolution, divergence between them will not begin to increase markedly until a threshold of sequence divergence is breached (as high as 20percentt [ 5]).
Wang et al. [ 23] described a high level of concerted evolution in this duplication in the two Oryza sativa subspecies, japonica and indica, which they dated to 5-7MYA, but showed that this conservation was heterogeneous along the segment.
However, given their critical role in nematocyst structure (24) and the unparsimonious scenario that each lineage underwent a duplication independently, we suggest that instead, nematogalectin copies are evolving under some level of concerted evolution in medusozoans.
In a 2013 Threat Report on Antimicrobial Resistance, the CDC prioritized CRE as an urgent threat (the highest level), requiring concerted commitment and action, and noted that ≈50% of hospitalized patients with bloodstream infection caused by CRE die from the infection (10, 11 ).
Illegitimate recombinations such as gene conversion may have occurred frequently at this segmental region between the homeologous chromosomes, allowing for rounds of genomic sequence homogenization, and leading to a high level of concerted evolution of this genomic segment on rice chromosomes 11 and 12.
