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Consider Philip Morris USA v. Williams, an important 2007 decision on punitive damages, in which Justice Breyer gave lower courts guidance about how to present juries with evidence concerning harm to people not involved in the case.
In drug research, NGT has been applied in a piece of participatory research concerning harm reduction treatment with clients and to develop culturally relevant outcomes to measure progress (Ruefli & Rogers, 2004).
At the same time, the advantages of SSRIs concerning harm might be overestimated.
Previous studies have shown dopaminergic effects on economic decisions [ 25, 26], but existing economic models are poor predictors of moral decisions concerning harm to others [ 12].
Thirteen individuals had adverse incidents concerning harm to others (broadly defined, as above) during the follow up period and 7 individuals had incidents involving self harm (broadly defined, as above).
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The presence of statistically significant standard deviations associated with the mean parameter estimates for factors concerning harms and benefits suggest the existence of preference heterogeneity for these factors.
Accounting for preference heterogeneity around the factors for harms and benefits, using the individual beta estimates to calculate relative importance at the individual level revealed that 58% of respondents considered factors concerning harms of greater importance than benefits (Table 3).
On the other hand, where funding sources were concerned, harm in the abstract was less likely to be reported when public institutions (as opposed to companies) funded the RCTs (cPR = 0.77).
In this study almost 60% of patient reported events concerned psychological harm or harm in trust or confidence.
This loaded positively on all nine items other than the two items concerning self harm or suicide.
Six-hundred-eighty (87.2%) of the respondents had heard information from different sources concerning the harm of female genital cutting, the majority (53.8%) heard from health professionals.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com