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We start by conceptually defining two distinct forms of firm-individual collaboration in manufacturing industries: (1) social cloud manufacturing, in which firms outsource manufacturing to individuals, and (2) social platform manufacturing, in which firms provide manufacturing services to individuals.
Species are fundamental units in biology, yet conceptually defining them has been a difficult task owing to the complexity and continuity of the speciation process itself and the diversity of reproductive modes among organisms.
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The isothermal compressor is conceptually defined using the 'infinitesimal approach' in attempt to resolve the ambiguity in its performance framework.
Cost is the value of a resource, conceptually defined as the value that could be gained by using the resource in an alternative way.
RAMON interactions with a specific wireless access system are conceptually defined by means of parameters that can be measured and controlled, so that the general logic of the module can be posed on top of each system within the constraints and the flexibility provided by the system itself.
The purpose of this study is a) to conceptually define the architectural design skills which enable children to design their own educational environment and living areas, b) to identify the higher order thinking processes related to these skills and, c) to discuss the tools, methods and approaches that can be used in measuring these skills.
Conceptually defined as the ratio of two forces acting, respectively, perpendicular and parallel to an interface between two bodies under relative motion or impending relative motion, this dimensionless quantity turns out to be convenient for depicting the relative ease with which materials slide over one another under particular circumstances.
Though researchers have been trying to conceptually define social enterprises, the legal system and structure of India has not been able to legally define social enterprises, which made this particular research difficult in terms of identifying sample enterprises for the study.
Based on the clustering result, the representativeness of the keyframes is defined as "how the selected keyframe set is close to the set of cluster centers {m p,q }," which is conceptually defined as begin{array}rcl@ E_{2}(mathbf{z}) = text{Diff}(mathbf{z}, {mathbf{m}_{p,q}}).
Authors conceptually defined QOL in only 6 studies (13.0%).
All 3 conceptually defined vertical transmission risk pathways were captured by the 70 data points included in this review.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com