Further research is required to elucidate the way in which nurses and patients conceptualize pain and to understand better the process of pain assessment in clinical nursing practice.
Illiteracy rate in Ghana is high [ 24] and patients who can not read and write or conceptualize pain in numerical terms could use the FPS or CCPS to report pain.
One way to address the lack of a true gold standard was to conceptualize pain as a latent variable (one that cannot be observed) and use the results of the present exploratory factor analysis to generate hypotheses for confirmatory factor analysis [ 27, 31].
New understandings of chronic pain now challenge us to conceptualize chronic pain as a sum that is greater than its parts, that is, pain that persists well after the original insult has healed, leaving long-lasting abnormal sensory findings secondary to changes in how peripheral nerves, spinal cord and brain react to non-noxious stimuli [ 3].
So it is no objection to representationalism that our pain experiences don't represent tissue damage as such, which is to say that we cannot necessarily conceptualize what pain experiences represent as tissue damage solely on the basis of these experiences.
(002-010) In order to better understand how participants conceptualized their "worst pain," a subset of the sample was asked to compare and contrast this concept with "general pain" and "average pain".
Pain catastrophizing is conceptualized as a negative cognitive affective response to pain and has been associated with a number of important pain-related outcomes including clinical pain severity, pain-related activity interference, disability and alterations in social support [ 11, 12].
Period prevalence, the measurement adopted for the assessment of dental pain, can be conceptualized as the frequency of an existing disease or condition during a defined period of time [ 25].
Pain and fatigue were conceptualized as individual symptom items, and where included in the Total Symptom Score.
Similar to pain, fatigue is commonly conceptualized as a multidimensional sensation that incorporates sensory, cognitive, affective, behavioral, and physiologic components [ 21].
