Within the ICF, an individual's functioning is conceptualized as result of the interplay between body functions and structures, activities and participation and contextual factors that include environmental and personal factors (PFs) [ 6].
These risk factors have been conceptualized as static or dynamic.
Paterson suggests conceptualizing change as resulting from the interaction between the intervention, process and context over time [ 65].
Crowding is often conceptualized as the result of increased demands of ED services (input), suboptimal care processes that prolong the ED stay (throughput), and finally inefficient management or placement of ED patients (output) [27].
These two types of indecision are related with two dimensions (decided undecided and decisiveness indecisiveness) that, if conceptualized as orthogonal, result in a diagnostic scheme with four groups (high or low in career decidedness and high or low in indecisiveness).
In the PIRLS framework (Mullis et al. 2009), students' reading achievement and students' reading attitudes are conceptualized as a result of students' experiences gained in a variety of contexts (Fig. 1): The most influential contexts are the students' home, school and class environments, all of which are embedded in and influenced by the broader national and community contexts.
Smith et al. [[18]] argue that there would be a need to further develop regime endogenous transition perspectives, where the transition process is conceptualized as the result of incumbent regime actors (local/urban governments) making conscious and planned efforts in response to perceived pressures using regime-internal resources.
The perfect landscape is conceptualized as a result of the combined, interacting effects of multiple environmental controls and forcings to produce an outcome that is highly improbable, in the sense of the likelihood of duplication at any other place or time.
Individual responses to traumatic events can thus be conceptualized as the result of complex interactions among individuals, events and sociocultural context.
In the literature, the role of LC on the relationship between KMC and innovation performance is conceptualized as LC facilitates KMC resulting to higher innovation performance (Argote et al. 2003; King 2009; Wu and Chen 2014).
