I don't think of painting as a conceptual item.
This method consists of six steps: conceptual, item, semantic, operational, measurement and functional equivalence.
These authors identify six key types of equivalence: Conceptual, Item, Semantic, Operational, Measurement, and Functional.
Functional equivalence (the combined effect of assessing conceptual, item, semantic, operational and measurement equivalence) was assessed by a group of specialists with regard to the behavior of the instrument and the possibility of comparisons to studies conducted in different cultures.
The Brazilian version of the ECOHIS (B-ECOHIS) was obtained after the assessment of its conceptual, item and semantic equivalences [ 8, 9] by a review committee comprised of five bilingual pediatric dentists and an expert on the cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life instruments.
The third factor combined the social, community, and civic activities conceptual category items (#7,8) with 3 of the personal development and fulfillment items (#9,10,12).
The six individual teaching for conceptual understanding items were added to the models separately, thereby allowing the association between each one and mathematics scores to be examined independently.
To address the first research question, descriptive statistics were calculated using teachers' responses to the six individual teaching for conceptual understanding items and the results were represented both graphically and numerically.
In each country, six level-2 models were formulated, one for each of the six teaching for conceptual understanding items, as follows: {beta}_{0mathrm{j}}={gamma}_{00}+{gamma}_{01}{left(mathrm{Aggregated} mathrm{H}mathrm{B}mathrm{I}right)}_j+{gamma}_{0 2}{left(mathrm{Teaching} mathrm{f}mathrm{o}mathrm{r} mathrm{Conceptual} mathrm{Understanding} mathrm{Measure}right)}_j+{u}_{0j}.
