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(Not everyone accepts that the false belief task reveals a conceptual deficit: various authors have argued that the task reveals a deficit of performance rather competence. For a judicious review of some of this literature see Goldman 2006, Section 4.3).
These may both derive from a pragmatic deficit that prevents subjects from interpreting the implicit questions correctly, rather than from a conceptual deficit concerning the ability to represent mental states.
Therefore, unilateral lesions might be associated with production of semantic errors (even after controlling for lesion volume) even if they do not result in a clinically significant semantic or conceptual deficit.
Furthermore, production of semantic errors in naming (the one task studied by Schwartz and colleagues, 2009) does not necessarily imply an underlying semantic deficit; in fact, Schwartz et al. (2009) argue against the possibility that the semantic errors produced by the patients they studied were caused by a conceptual deficit or blurred semantic distinctions between concepts themselves.
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Similarly, although damage to the hippocampus greatly affects new learning, it does not result in conceptual deficits for previously acquired knowledge (Levy et al. 2004).
Neuropsychological studies of patients with selective conceptual deficits also strongly implicate the involvement of the temporal lobes in conceptual representation (e.g., Hart and Gordon 1990; Tranel et al. 1997; Vandenbulcke et al. 2006; Capitani et al. 2009).
In contrast, damage to prefrontal areas does not routinely lead to selective conceptual deficits but instead to deficits in executive functions such as planning, problem solving, and task switching, as well as deficits in attentional selection, working memory, and aspects of speech production (e.g., Duncan 1986; Shallice and Burgess 1991).
On affective perspective-taking, both CD groups were inferior to controls, and CD-low-CU children were inferior to CD-high-CU-children. Consequently, the conceptual deficits in affective and/or cognitive perspective-taking that have long been implicated in CD [ 6, 7] found only partial support from present findings.
It has been suggested that this difficulty is more related to deficits in attention, working memory or long-term memory than to deficits in conceptual knowledge of arithmetic [e.g., see [ 20]].
With an undisputed IQ of 70, coupled with impairments in adaptive behavior, including deficits in conceptual, social, and practical skills, Mr. Hill has received widespread support for clemency in his case.
In our conceptual model we assume that deficits in social skills precede children's depressive symptoms and peer victimization.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com