Density is considered a "goldmine" in current computational and conceptual quantum chemistry due to its link with observable quantities, energy density functionals in particular, as celebrated by DFT [13, 20, 39, 40].
Furthermore, successful synthesis using a simple and powerful conceptual wet-chemistry-based bottom-up approach coupled with the versatility of organic synthesis may open a new chapter in the cost-effective generation of other 2D materials with tuneable properties, which will be a flourishing new area of research.
However, their mere existence confirms a surprising prediction and stretches the conceptual boundaries of chemistry.
This section will explain the conceptual background behind chemistry's progression from one conception to the other.
Recently, the crucial problem regarding whether chemical phenomena are reducible to physical ones has had an increasingly strong impact on the current course of conceptual and theoretical chemistry.
Dewar, starting in the early 1950s, did much to promote the use of molecular orbitals as a conceptual tool in chemistry, but he rarely provided quantitative representations in his articles.
Another approach, interactive lecture demonstrations in which students predict the result of a demonstration, discuss their predictions with their peers, watch the demonstration, and compare their predictions with the actual result have been shown to improve students' conceptual understanding in chemistry and physics (Sokoloff and Thornton, 1997).
However, the specialized interest in the conceptual issues arising in chemistry, hereafter Philosophy of Chemistry, is a relatively recent addition to philosophy of science.
Finally, we have also delineated the grand challenges in this field in a conceptual framework of nanotoxicological chemistry.
This model defines different stages of early process design, i.e. process chemistry and conceptual design, with appropriate process evaluation indicators.
