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We found 10 conceptual articles in the literature (Table 3).
Conceptual articles are analyzed to understand the overall development of various concepts followed by empirical articles (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed).
Thus, we have found that several conceptual articles have considered crowdsourcing as a part of the open innovation concept.
According to Short et al.'s (2009: 161) study "conceptual articles outnumber empirical studies, and empirical efforts often lack formal hypotheses and rigorous methods.
Review of this literature reveals that conceptual articles outnumber empirical studies, and empirical efforts often lack formal hypotheses and rigorous methods.
Six articles 4 conceptual articles [ 3, 19, 21, 47] and 2 intervention-based articles [ 15, 18] give specific examples of criteria beyond the categories.
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Additionally, typically once a day, I am presented with a more conceptual article — one on, say, the threat of artificial intelligence, which may not immediately bring any particular image to mind.
The purpose of this conceptual article is twofold.
In this conceptual article, we extend earlier work on Open Innovation and Absorptive Capacity.
This is a conceptual article based on publicly available information and articles.
It is not possible to report full case studies in one conceptual article.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com