A growing body of research shows that analogies may be powerful tools for guiding students from their pre-instructional conceptions towards science concepts.
We interpret this to mean that students' conceptions of science shifted away from the idea that science is a rigid, step-by-step method (e.g., " the scientific method") to an understanding that it is a process that is responsive to experimental results and constantly evolving in the face of new data, new techniques, and new ideas.
We need to focus equally on students' alternative conceptions of science content as well as their attitudes, priorities, and decision-making regarding science learning and environmental issues.
How do existence claims work in Aristotle's conceptions of science?
He concluded that teachers' conceptions of science do not necessarily have an effect on their classroom practice.
Agrawal's conclusion is that the term TEK must be dispensed with altogether, as must particularly loaded conceptions of science.
If there were a way to track a student's cognitive process during argumentation, it would then be possible for us to trace their alternative conceptions in science.
In the interview, Yvonne mentioned conceptions of science as inquiry that reflect a different perspective from Ken: "Inquiry-based lesson is one where the students are the owners of their own learning.
Long and Bae (2018) report on interviews with beginning primary school teachers where they discuss their conceptions of science inquiry and their challenges in implementing inquiry in their classes.
The results are in line with cognitive theories of multimedia learning, self-regulated learning, and mental imagery as well as conceptions of science learning that focus on promoting mental model construction by actively visualizing the content to be learned.
Do dominant practices and conceptions of science and scientific method reflect an androcentric perspective, or a perspective that reflects other dominant positions, as of race and colonial rule (Merchant 1980; Harding 1986 , 1991 1993, 1998, 2006, 2008; Schiebinger 2007)?
