Their ethical theory is a tremendous achievement: history's first explicit form of indirect consequentialism, grounded in a conception of benefit or welfare as what produces happiness.
Another difference is that Mozi's conception of benefit is very concrete and relatively narrow, lacking in any psychological dimension such as happiness.
Despite this, however, the tension between individual rights and broader conceptions of public benefit is a profound one for public health as a field of practice.
Experts' conceptions of delivering benefit in breast screening fell into two main categories: breast cancer-specific and non-breast cancer-specific outcomes.
Ridgeway argues that most people's conceptions of veterans benefits stem from the comprehensive system developed after World War II, under which vets were given pensions and disability payments, money for education, and other goodies but historically, these were the exception, not the norm.
Proposals to improve early care and education (ECE) in the United States are often based on narrow conceptions of the value, benefits, and appropriate structure of services.
But many of these proposals, and the research on which they are based, are built on narrow conceptions of the value, benefits, and appropriate structure of early care and education services.
Debate was intense, and involved a range of competing conceptions of the costs and benefits (medical, social and moral) of restricting treatment subsidies on the basis of 'lifestyle factors'.
Even if we assume that Amy's life would be worth living, creating her would be a benefit only on a rather peculiar conception of what a "benefit" entails.
"Benefit" (lì) for them is a loose conception of general welfare comprising material prosperity, an abundant population, and sociopolitical "order" (zhi).
Formerly of Benefit (FOB).
