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It appears that, to reconcile such thick accounts of luck with neutralizing luck on the basis of counterfactual levels of effort, we would need to endorse a regressive conception of responsibility on which to be responsible for something one has to be responsible for its causes.
Now, maybe those are ideals that we should look to wipe away, in favor of a more transnational conception of responsibility, but it's not obvious that you can do this and keep meaningful welfare states intact.
This conception of responsibility is used in court.
What logically follows is a conception of responsibility that is essentially outcome-based.
In other words, the optimist embraces and defends an essentially forward-looking, utilitarian conception of responsibility (FR, 79).
This view is deontological in essence, and consequently the resulting conception of responsibility is related to compliance with pre-existing rules.
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These variantist views are fairly strongly revisionist with respect to traditional conceptions of responsibility in the 20th century philosophical literature.
It also parallels legal conceptions of responsibility, where theorists distinguish retrospective (historic) and prospective functions of legal responsibility (Cane, 2002).
This general trend of linking the consequentialist conception of moral responsibility with compatibilism about causal determinism and moral responsibility and the merit-based conception with incompatibilism continued to persist through the first half of the twentieth century.
In order to more precisely assess the responsibilities of potential parents in specific cases of PCC, the general conception of preconception responsibility outlined in the previous section ('Principles') needs to be applied to specific PCC interventions and specific types of potential parents.
Those accepting the consequentialist conception of moral responsibility, on the other hand, have traditionally contended that determinism poses no threat to moral responsibility since praising and blaming could still be an effective means of influencing another's behavior, even in a deterministic world.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com