The concept characterises processes that are biased against rural areas in a manner that undermines both economic efficiency and equity.
The free flight (FF) concept is characterised by being a direct route concept where the pilots, instead of the air traffic controller, are responsible for the separation assurance.
In regard to its concept, Whiteboom characterised the clip as "kind of Monkees or Beatles-esque", elaborating that it revolves around "five lads go[ing] crazy in London, it's like a big day out in London".
Both concepts are characterised by the operation at high temperatures (between 750 and 1200 °C, depending on the choice of the liquid metal) but small stresses due to small temperature differences and operating pressures.
Caring and social support have comparable attributes and both concepts are characterised as dynamic interpersonal processes directed towards improved mental well-being.
This concept of characterising different network structures using motifs or patterns of interconnection is one that has been developed previously by scientists to study natural systems such as networks of genes, neurons and organisms in food webs.
A novel concept for characterising the dynamic thermal response of walling systems has been developed to assist with the evaluation of the thermal performance of walling systems and possibly housing.
By a first attempt to measure and map ecological embeddedness, the author intends to contribute to the operationalisation of the embeddedness concept, which is characterised as ambivalent, fuzzy and dynamic (see e.g., [Goodman, D., 2003. The quality 'turn' and alternative food practices: reflections and agenda. Editorial. Journal of Rural Studies 19 (1 7 1–7; Markusen, A., 1999.
Of particular relevance is perhaps the estimation of a phase variable of the gamma responses: this does represent a challenge as gamma responses are distinctly broadband phenomena, i.e. these are not necessarily akin to the classical concept of oscillations characterised by a single peak frequency, and therefore the extraction of a (generalised) phase variable is non-trivial.
