Cerium nitrate hexahydrate in three different concentrations was added.
For sample addition, 100 µL of ACV at varying concentrations was added to the wells which were punched into the agar.
Artificial root exudate at 5 different carbon concentrations was added daily to soil microcosms at contrasting target WFPS (50, 70 and 90%).
The transmission spectrums of nanoCA were recorded by the optical system, when 30 μL analyte solution at different concentrations was added into different cavities.
Briefly, 0.5 mL of Fe3O4 microsphere stock solution (with different concentrations) was added into 10 mL aqueous solution of methylene blue (2 μg/mL) at pH 5.0.
Then, after the old medium was removed, fresh medium containing ZGG-NH2 nanoprobes with different concentrations was added and incubated for 24 h at CO2 incubator (Thermo heracell 150i, USA).
During samples preparation for each probe (20-ml extract, used for the protein determination), the 200 ml of internal standard (the mixture of deuterium-labeled amino acids and acylcarnitines with known concentrations) was added.
Then, 1 mL PS-NP suspension, at different concentrations, was added in small drops onto the soil surface to obtain final concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 ng g−1 dry weight.
To evaluate the effectiveness of DH-AgNps compared to Neomycin (30 μg/disc), 30 μL of purified DH-AgNps suspension containing different concentrations was added onto sterile paper discs to generate 15, 30, and 45 μg/disc.
To investigate the refractive index sensing property of the nanoCA chip, NaCl solution at increasing concentrations was added on the surface of nanoCA chip in the 96-well plate.
PF-bgl at 5 µg ml−1 for R1 and 0.4 mg ml−1 for notoginseng root extract as the minimal concentrations was added to 4.0 and 5.0 mg ml−1 DT-bgl, respectively.
