Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a small portion of the global water budget, but a potentially large contributor to coastal nutrient budgets due to high concentrations relative to stream discharge.
Because of the different effects of wetland vegetation types on DOC, a GIS data source such as the NWI which depicts those wetland types is superior for predicting landscape contributions to stream DOC concentrations.
The results highlight the importance of diffuse agricultural N inputs to stream NO3− concentrations and the importance of quantifying all the major aquatic N species for developing a better understanding of N transformations and transport in the atmosphere-soil-water system.
Alterations to stream solute concentrations (e.g., Likens and others 1970; Lewis and Likens 2007) and stream temperatures (e.g., Burton and Likens 1973; Johnson and Jones 2000) have been observed in disturbed riparian forest.
This pattern indicates that tile contributions to stream NO3 N concentration were increasingly important as discharge increased, but other sources of water (e.g., precipitation, surface runoff) likely decreased stream NO3 N concentrations at the highest discharge rates.
A positive association (P < 0.05) between presence of cattle (< 100 m) and Enterococcus geometric mean in-stream water concentrations may indicate that the presence of cattle within 100 m of monitoring sites increases fecal concentrations to in-stream water.
RTS are localized terrain disturbances, but when present in high concentrations, they impact stream sediment and solute transport22,23, lake water quality24, coastal erosion and sedimentation20,23,25, and carbon cycling1,13,26.
Isochlor concentration and stream function curves are presented and successfully compared with those of other authors.
The stream NO3− concentration was significantly correlated with the upland (grassland and cropland) proportion of the catchment's area, and the ratio of stream NO3− concentration to this proportion tended to be lower in low-elevation areas, indicating higher NO3− denitrification.
Rotary regenerative heat exchangers do not introduce significant additional pressure drop and gas leakage from a high CO2 concentration stream to a stream with lower concentration can be minimized to acceptable levels with available strategies using a purge and a scavenging slipstream from the higher pressure flow.
