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A scheme of the experiments and the hypotheses that they were designed to address are shown in Table 2. Uterotrophic assays were conducted using IF at different concentrations selected to provide a concentration-dependent response (experiments 1 and 2).
From now on, in vitro studies should be conducted under a standard set of conditions (dispersant selected to not affect the test cells, and range of concentrations selected to avoid CNTs aggregation) whenever possible.
Each cell line was plated in a 96-well plate (5000 cells per well) and treated in triplicate with serial dilutions of each drug, with drug concentrations selected to mimic typical peak plasma levels in ovarian cancer patients (range 0 200% peak plasma; cisplatin 0.8 25 μℳ, carboplatin 2.7 85 μℳ).
Ethacrynic acid was used at concentrations from 2.5 to 80 μ M, and chemotherapy drugs at concentrations selected to mimic typical peak plasma levels in ovarian cancer patients (range 0 200% (peak plasma); cisplatin 0 25 μ M, carboplatin 0 85 μ M, paclitaxel 0 32 μ M, doxorubicin 0 6 μ M, gemcitabine 0 190 μ M and topotecan 0 56 μ M; Konecny et al, 2000).
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Therefore, 0.050 mM DODAB was the final concentration selected to cover silica particles at 0.1 mg/ml with one DODAB bilayer.
The only difference between the two calculations is the counterfactual level used in (1) it is the 'natural' background level (ie, the level that would exist without any man-made pollution) and (2) it is a 'target' concentration. 1 Different counterfactual concentrations were selected to reflect different exposure scenarios, as described following.
The ryanodine and BAPTA-AM concentrations were such that Cai2+ transients were largely, but not fully, inhibited, whereas the cesium and tertiapin concentrations were selected to maximally inhibit If and IK,ACh, respectively, without exerting major effects on other membrane currents.
Low buffer concentrations were selected to provide a better understanding of the band profiles recorded in LC/MS analyses, which are often carried out at low buffer concentrations.
These NaCl concentrations were selected to mimic freshwater (0 M), brackish water (0.05 0.3 M), seawater (0.6 M) and hyper-saline lakes (1.8 M).
Four surfactant concentrations were selected to illustrate viscosity profiles against shear rate at five different salinities: 25 wt%, 20 wt%, 17.5 wt%, 15 wt%, and 10 wt% NaCl.
Dieldrin concentrations were selected to produce serum levels representative of human background body burdens, occupational exposure, and overt toxicity.
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