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To determine whether the requirement for a pre-incubation was linked to limited concentrations of viable sperm or increased concentrations of dead sperm, freshly collected sperm were a) diluted to limit the number of live sperm or b) were mixed with dead sperm to simulate the proportion and concentration of dead sperm present following cryopreservation and thawing.
Although PCR cannot differentiate between dead and viable bacteria, enrichment helped to dilute the concentrations of dead bacteria, thus reducing the probability of detecting them by the subsequent mPCR assay.
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However, this could also increase the concentration of dead sperm, which may be detrimental[19].
Although there is a clear indication of live (green) and dead (red) cells homogeneously scattered throughout the lawn, an increased concentration of dead cells localized within the towers is apparent (Fig 3B), similar to observations of P. aeruginosa biofilm [11].
Based on these results, it can be concluded that the benefit of a pre-incubation step following thawing is separable from the effects of limiting viable sperm concentrations or increasing the concentration of dead sperm.
We observed that densitometric values were proportional to the concentration of dead larvae stained with both markers.
When suspension of dead larvae was serially diluted and stained with both fluorescent markers), the observed densitometric values were proportional to the concentration of dead larvae stained with Sytox) and propidium iodide).
Exfoliating before applying makeup to a scar is critical, because scars tend to have a particularly high concentration of dead cells.
At concentrations of 1.2 mM and above, fold TurboRFP induction decreased, consistent with the observation that at these concentrations the percentage of dead cells started to increase above the baseline, indicating the onset of MMS cytotoxicity.
Because of the disproportionate response of T. lineatum to habitat cues, managers should minimize the concentration of freshly dead boles, particular in conifer stands.
With 100 μg/mL concentration, approximately 70% of dead cells were observed.
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