The crude inulin extract was obtained from a hot water extraction process followed by concentration under reduced pressure to a soluble solids concentration of 24 °Brix.
The catalytic activity in methane combustion using multi-ion-exchanged catalysts was studied with different parameters including the molar percentage of metal loading, the space velocity, and the inlet methane concentration under atmospheric pressure and at a relatively low reaction temperature of 500 °C.
The reaction was filtered through celite and concentration under reduced pressure afforded 164 mg (95 %) of compound 5 as a clear gel.
The reaction was allowed to run for 12 hrs, was followed by an aqueous workup with 1M phosphate buffer at pH 3, extraction with EtOAc (5×5ml), drying over sodium sulfate, concentration under reduced pressure and purification by prep.
Concentration under reduced pressure gave a dark oil (10.04 g).
After concentration under reduced pressure (Rotavapor R-124, Buchi, Switzerland), the extract was diluted with distilled water (100 ml) and partitioned against ethyl acetate (100 ml).
Concentration under reduced pressure gave a dark oil (8.59 g), which was purified on basic alumina (grade III) with hexane elution to give compound 3a (4.18 g, 51%%) as a colourless oil.
Five up-regulated transporter genes (encoding phosphotransferase system, maltose and glucose uptake transporter, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, dicarboxylate/amino acid uptake transporter and Na/H antiporter) could facilitate uptake of nutrients (carbohydrates and amino acid) and regulate intracellular ion concentration under the pressure of doxycycline.
The air-dried leaves (2.04 Kg) and stems (2.02 kg) of P. pinnata were powdered and extracted with MeOH (7 l × 2, 48 h each) at room temperature to give crude extracts (233.8 g and 152.17 g respectively) after concentration under reduced pressure.
