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Our results suggest that using threshold values of either potentially toxic cyanobacteria density counted using a rapid screening protocol or chlorophyll a concentration serve as initial indicators of potentially high levels of cyanotoxin; however, the utility of chlorophyll a is system-dependent.
The areas of concentration serve as advising tools, guiding students to more narrowly focus their course selection around classes most relevant to a specific sub-discipline of the Biological Sciences.
The cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in eukaryotic cells is in the low nanomolar range (~100 nM), and transient modifications of this concentration serve as an intracellular mechanism for cell signaling because of the existence of a variety of effectors that are sensitive to such transient increases.
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Neutrophil stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; Sigma, St . Louis MO, USA 100 nM final concentration) served as a positive control19.
Reduction of electrostatic repulsion between the ionized monomer AA and partially charged growing polymer chain ends due to higher ionic strength at higher total monomer concentration serves as explanation of the effect.
The empirical model to predict the throughput to 50% breakthrough based on the influent DOM concentration served as input to the pore diffusion model (PDM) and well-predicted the MIB breakthrough performance below a 50% breakthrough.
As discussed in [18], high PVP concentration serves as a structure-directing agent to keep the nanostructure growth linear.
Knowledge of pharmacokinetics, susceptibility patterns and minimum inhibitory concentration serves to properly predict the in vivo efficacy of antibiotics against target pathogens [62].
Results in the second column, in comparison, show the effect of an ethnic network through the conventional approach (the variable of ethnic concentration serves as the proxy for immigrants' network in the host country).
Field measurements of daily mean pollen concentration served as an indicator of daily mean pollen release rates over the main flowering period up to 21 August (Fig. 2), with the corresponding daily deposition rate D d derived using Eq. 9.
Salmon sperm DNA dilutions of known concentration served as standards.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com