Described patient had several indications for measuring plasma concentration of medication such as possible medication-related onset of symptoms, adverse effects on standard doses of medication, suspected impaired drug metabolism, and being an adolescent patient.
In this study, adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis in HIV exposed infants in the first 6 weeks of life was assessed using two indirect methods (verbal reports and unused returned medication) in association with a direct method (plasma concentration of medication).
Methods of quantifying adherence have included self report, the Reported Adherence to Medication (RAM) scale, the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS), the Medication Adherence Survey (MAS), pharmacy refill records, serum concentrations of medication, and urinary drug excretion measurements.
Given than rifampicin (as stated above) induces CYP1A2 and 3A4, a reduction in plasma concentrations of medications that are metabolised by these enzymes should be expected.
Because the kidney receives a quarter of resting cardiac output, glomerular, tubular, and renal interstitial cells can be exposed to substantial concentrations of medications and their metabolites, which can induce changes in kidney structure and function.
His work was among the first to document that monitoring the blood concentration of antidepressant medication was an effective method of improving treatment success.
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the process of obtaining the serum concentration of a medication and modifying the dose based on the results.
For the BD sample, gender, age, serum concentration of the medication, and total scores of IDS-C and YMRS (lamotrigine and lithium), or GAF-S (valproate, due to smaller sample) were set as independent variables.
Due to a fixed concentration of TXA medication (250 mg per 5 ml, Transmin®, OLIC (Thailand) Limited, Ayutthaya, Thailand), the dosage of TXA could be calculated from the volume of TXA used.
Nurses and pharmacists intercept up to 70% of prescription errors [ 14]. Preparation errors occur when there is a difference between the ordered amount or concentration of a medication and what is actually prepared and administered.
Owing to its unspecific substrate affinities, P-gp restricts the achievable cerebral concentration of various medications and may be a crucial factor in the phenomenon of pharmacoresistance [ 39– 41].
