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The effects of nanoparticle concentration, exposure time and relative humidity on the permeate flux, and their interactions were determined.
A three-way ANOVA was employed to evaluate the interactions and effects of colchicine concentration, exposure duration, and larval age in C. gariepinus and D. rerio.
Fish performance and feed utilization, however, were significantly affected by Zn concentration, exposure time, and their interaction (P < 0.05; Table 2).
Adverse effects are only observable when the concentration (exposure) of a substance exceeds the threshold for effects for a sufficient duration.
In Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens), the SSRI fluoxetine has been demonstrated to reduce both frequency and duration of aggressive displays across a variety of concentration exposure procedures.
Since constant concentration exposure of toxicants to invertebrates is unusual in the environment, episodic exposure or pulsed exposures may represent true risk to aquatic biota more accurately.
Response surface methodology (RS M was applied in experimental design and data analysis to consider two related factors: toxic concentration, exposure time and their interaction.
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In this work we have screened the in vitro effects of concentration, exposure-time and surfactant structure on the viability of mammalian cells with characteristics mimicking the different cell types that exist in the human cervicovaginal mucosa.
Little study has been devoted to the long-term effects of low-concentration exposure on humans.
By treating female red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, to a commonly used insecticide, endosulfan, we found that the pheromonal system is highly susceptible to low-concentration exposure.
The other limitation is that most of our study population breast-fed ≥ 6 months, so we had limited sample size to differentiate the effects of short-term, high-concentration exposure to PCBs, DDT, and DDE from the effects of long-term, low-concentration exposure.
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