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From our investigations, we conclude that the presently designed nuclear fusion reactors may be ready for economical introduction into energy systems beginning around 2050 2060, and we can confirm that the favorable introduction of the reactors would reduce both the annual energy systems cost and the carbon tax (the shadow price of carbon) under a CO2 concentration constraint.
If these concentration constraint can not be achieved, changes of gene circuits through other loop should be tried.
Therefore, the enzyme concentration constraint (Eq. 2) is reflected in the metabolic flux constraint ∑ i = 1 N a i f i ≤ 1, where a i = C v i b i.
We use non-negative matrix factorization applied to the imaginary part and the nonresonant real part of the susceptibility with an additional concentration constraint to obtain absolute susceptibility spectra of independently varying chemical components and their absolute concentration.
The R package ccems currently solves 2-reactant problems where total reactant concentrations are known and manipulated, free reactant concentrations are determined by a system of mass action-based total concentration constraint polynomials, expected measurements are determined by model predicted complex concentrations, and the number of models is large due to combinatorial complexity.
For the final step, the decomposition into spectra of independently varying chemical components and quantification of their absolute concentrations, we apply a fast variant of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) with an additional concentration constraint using the imaginary part and the spectrally averaged real part of the susceptibility.
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To meet maximum inlet concentration constraints or environmental regulations, some treatment process es) might take recycling structure.
For the systems with two treatment processes, the performing sequence is determined by the inlet concentration constraints of the treatment processes first.
This method replaces traditional total flow rate and absolute concentration constraints with hydrogen load and relative concentration, constructing the composite curves in contaminant load versus hydrogen load diagram to perform the targeting and design process.
The study shows that introducing concentration constraints on the injected chemical in combination with high frequency penalties on the control signals lead to less sensitive optimal solutions, thus yielding a more robust start-up.
Concentration constraints are defined at the end of each management period, the duration of which is calculated by the optimization algorithm in such a way as to ensure maximum mass removal and to prevent further off-site migration of the contaminant plume.
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