Among the 13 items, six are related to sleep disturbances, measuring their consequences on daily activities (lack of sleep, difficulty concentrating, feeling low energy, needing to nap, decreased productivity and participation in activities).
The instrument was derived from the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental (DSM-IV) and assessed nine depressive symptoms, namely, anhedonia, depressed mood, trouble sleeping, feeling tired, change in appetite, guilt, or worthlessness, trouble concentrating, feeling slowed down or restless, and suicidal thoughts, experienced over the last two weeks (14 days).
In LMMs, while adjusting for the effect of time of day, significant differences between non-dialysis and HD day symptom scores were noted for: feeling sleepy, feeling exhausted, difficulty concentrating, feeling sad, not feeling relaxed, not feeling energetic, feeling stressed, and feeling tense (Additional file 1: Table S1).
The 21 symptom items concern depressive symptoms, irritability, affective lability, anxiety, change in sleep, change in appetite (e.g. food cravings), decreased interest in activities, difficulty concentrating, feeling out of control or overwhelmed, lack of energy and physical symptoms such as breast tenderness and swelling.
In Shostakovich's concerto a pervasive sense of dread leads to a kind of self-censorship of any private emotions, from the tense longing expressed in the first movement's "Nocturne" to the claustrophobic passacaglia of the third, which Mr. Repin played with ferociously concentrated feeling.
From these, a Positive GHQ (GHQ6-p) was created based on: ability to concentrate, feeling useful, making decisions, enjoying daily activities, solving problems and being reasonably happy.
Inability to concentrate, feeling "foggy".
Many others experience at least some of the symptoms, which include loss of pleasure and energy, inability to concentrate, feelings of worthlessness, and an uncontrollable urge to eat sugar and high-carbohydrate foods (in my case, chocolate chip cookies).
Older patients reported significantly lower occurrence rates for difficulty concentrating, pain, feeling nervous, nausea, feeling drowsy, difficulty sleeping, feeling bloated, vomiting, feeling sad, sweats, worrying, problems with sexual interest, feeling irritable, I don't look like myself, and changes in skin.
However, eight of the eleven symptoms with the highest occurrence rates were identical in the two age groups (i.e., lack of energy, pain, feeling drowsy, difficulty sleeping, dry mouth, difficulty concentrating, worrying, feeling irritable).
The PHQ-9 includes nine items pertaining to the DSM-IV criteria for MDD [9]: (1) anhedonia; (2) depressed mood; (3) trouble sleeping; (4) feeling tired; (5) change in appetite; (6) guilt, self-blame, or worthlessness; (7) trouble concentrating; (8) feeling slowed down or restless; and (9) thoughts of being better off dead or hurting oneself [8].
