This trend is characterized by concentration of large numbers of animals in housing units, use of concentrate feed, reduced genetic diversity, vertical integration, and industrial management practices.
Pigs are monogastric, so, unlike ruminants, they are unable to utilize large quantities of forage and must be given concentrate feed.
There are hundreds of online tutorials for making concentrate feed (which is best for those with limited spaces, otherwise you need a waterbutt).
The dietary treatments were concentrate feed with and without YEFECAP (control).
However, results do indicate cribbing behavior can be modified by concentrate feed amounts.
These specialized systems rely on concentrate feed, and call for greater investment in technology and energy use.
We therefore have difficulties in acquiring rescue goods (e.g. concentrate feed, hay, veterinary medicine and care) and services' (DT04, DT08).
Both concentrate feed production and on-farm emissions were detected as the principal hotspots, mainly due to the burdens associated with concentrate feed ingredients production as well as those derived from the manure management process, respectively.
The acquisition of concentrate feed and nutritious forage was not viewed as a realistic coping strategy against dzud because of high costs.
Together with hay-stocking, 'storage and distribution of concentrate feed (or forage)' was heavily demanded (n = 8) and expected from the government to prevent dzud damage (n = 7).
High prices of concentrate feed and forage were strongly criticized, and one interviewee requested price reduction in the event of dzud.
