Next, we performed a Concentrated Changes test (Maddison, 1990) to investigate the phylogenetic correlation between queen thoracic morphology and founding behavior.
The presence of a sexually dimorphic foreleg is strictly correlated with a mating position involving the wing grasp (concentrated changes test using all of Sepsidae as target clade: two losses in SD with two losses in MB, P = 0.000742).
All changes in the mounting behavior are strictly and statistically significantly correlated with the origin and losses of sexually dimorphic legs (concentrated changes test: P < 0.001); i.e., the two species that have independently lost the wing grasp have both also re-evolved monomorphic legs.
In the concentrated-changes test, we performed three respective options with MacClade 4.08a [ 104]: actual changes, MINSTATE and MAXSTATE reconstructions for numbers of gains and losses of Pendergrast's organ.
To determine whether a correlation between the presence of maternal care and absence of Pendergrast's organ is significant, we performed two statistical methods using the concentrated-changes test [ 69] and likelihood-based correlation method [ 103].
Three other chapters in the book concentrate on changes in the working conditions and pay for the salaryman.
We concentrate on changes in fast synaptic transmission and differential gene expression in hippocampus of TASTPM mice, from the third week of life when we can barely detect amyloid-β, through to 4 months when plaques are first detected.
Interferon (IFN) plus ribavirin therapy is the current standard of care for antiviral treatment of CHC [ 5, 6]; however, this treatment causes adverse events, including fatigue, myalgia, influenza-like symptoms, alterations in mood, the inability to concentrate, and changes in libido.
In addition to the core questionnaire, a brain tumor-specific module (MDASI-BT) has been developed [21], consisting of 9 items (weakness, difficulty understanding, difficulty speaking, seizures, difficulty concentrating, vision, change in appearance, change in bowel pattern, and irritability).
But rather than celebrating the renewal of his mandate, KJI was concentrating on changes that would pave the way for succession.
