His victory in the landmark 1908 case Muller v. Oregon, which upheld restrictions on the working hours of women — the Court's opinion noted Brandeis's references to "bureaus of statistics, commissioners of hygiene, inspectors of factories, both in this country and Europe" — changed the way lawyers and judges conceived of evidence.
A more naturalistic approach using empirical methods to study policymakers in vivo, would conceive of evidence as one of many influences on a decision.
In a civil hearing in January 2012, Mr Justice Vos said it appeared that "a previously conceived plan to conceal evidence was put in train by News Group managers" shortly after the solicitor for the actor Sienna Miller had asked them to retain emails relating to phone hacking.
He said he had seen emails that showed how, days after the actor Sienna Miller wrote to the company asking it to retain emails which might relate to hacking her phone, "a previously conceived plan to conceal evidence was put in train by NGN managers".
These vary with place and in time, and due to the manner in which 'culture' itself is conceived: as cultivation, as evidence of civilization and moral development, as way of life, as identity, and as a way of knowing and thinking.
As for the category of fallacies of evidence distinctly conceived, it too is divided.
Fallacies falling under evidence indistinctly conceived (Bk. V, vii) were further described as fallacies of confusion.
The first velocipede powered via pedals mounted on the front wheel was built in Paris during the early 1860s, but there is no conclusive evidence proving who conceived the idea of applying pedals to the front wheel or who actually did so.
Mill divided the broad category of argument fallacies into two groups, those in which the evidence is distinctly conceived and those in which it is indistinctly conceived.
There are, however, questions both about how complexity itself should be measured or conceived and about what empirical evidence we actually have for viewing the complexity of individuals as increasing over evolutionary time (McShea 1991).
There is evidence that poorly conceived clinical placements are a burden on health service delivery [ 73], although well-constructed placements may enhance service efficiency [ 74].
