The reduction in computer time as compared to conventional methods is all the more important as the number of the components is greater.
Just as the alphabetizing of names in a telephone book greatly facilitates their retrieval by a user, the sorting of list elements significantly reduces the search time required by a computer algorithm as compared to a search on an unsorted list.
All sire models are more computer efficient as compared to animal models, which is important if the amount of data is large or if the analysis has to be repeated many times, as in QTL by environment interaction analyses [ 9].
Also, it has been shown that the reproducibility of measurement of minimum joint space width (mJSW) is better when using an automated computer algorithm as compared to manual methods such as a hand-held lens [ 9, 10, 12, 13].
The evaluation showed that it was possible to conduct research commissioning effectively and accountably using a 'virtual' computer-mediated as compared to traditional face-to-face approach.
For this, we conducted a qualitative evaluation that delivered insight in how users perceive the quality of computer-drawn AOIs as compared to hand-drawn diagrams.
Taking into account that these scores reflect self-reported search and navigation behavior, and is associated with the number of informational activities students usually perform online, this result would concur with the large PISA study (OECD, 2011) finding that intensive use of computers at home (as compared to moderate use) leads to worse comprehension.
Wixson and MacDonald [ 12] found more reproducible acetabular component placement in a series of computer-navigated MIS as compared to a cohort of a conventional THA technique.
Although the results using feature frequency profiles (FFPs) on a slightly larger data set showed the FFP method can also resolve the phylogeny of large dsDNA viruses [ 2], the optimal feature length for FFP method is 8 implying that much longer computing time and larger computer space are needed as compared to our method with an optimal feature length of 5.
As highlighted by a recent meta-analysis (Kulik & Fletcher, 2016), research and development within the domain of ITS has demonstrated the technical feasibility and relative effectiveness of computer-based adaptive instruction as compared to classroom and small group instruction.
