To compute total costs, we aggregated 'fixed' planning and follow-up costs (these costs did not vary on a fraction basis and thus were considered 'fixed') and 'variable' treatment costs (per fraction) for long- and short-course radiotherapy treatment.
We computed total costs for a given intervention as the sum of all patient, programme, and training costs.
In other words, we computed total costs for each patient by taking the component charges for the hospital stay (for example, pharmacy, laboratory, bed day, and so on) and then multiplying them by the Medicare cost-to-charge ratios.
For all studies done in countries for which both "gross average nominal monthly wage" in the International Labour Organization's global wage database [ 23] and "income share held by lowest 20%" in the World Bank's online data [ 24] were available, we also computed total costs as percentage of average annual income and percentage of annual income in the lowest quintile for each respective country.
Estimates of health resource use attributed to diabetes were combined with estimates of the average medical cost per event, in 2012 dollars, to compute total medical costs attributed to diabetes.
Although this model took into consideration the eligibility of a patient for an anti-TNF agent therapy, it did not account for new incident patients entering the simulation over time, and thus cannot be used to compute total population health and cost.
RWCE consistently has a lower computed total annual cost compared to previously published results.
Using SDA approach, we followed six main steps: (1) defining the final product, (2) defining cost centres, (3) identifying the full cost for each input, (4) assigning inputs to cost centres, (5) allocating all costs to final cost centres, and (6) computing total and unit costs.
One Web site, BeFrugal.com, developed an online application that helps travelers compute the total cost of flying versus the time needed to drive between any cities.
