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(The figures do not reflect premiums paid by beneficiaries or compulsory payments by states to help defray the costs).
Compulsory payments to the private pension pillar will be transferred to a new state-owned Pension Reform Fund, which will lead to the nationalization of the majority of pension funds.
Disposable income involves a further adjustment to exclude obligatory payments in the form of direct taxes, compulsory payments to social-insurance schemes, and the like and to include simple transfers from other persons, institutions, or the government such as social-security benefits, pensions, and alimony.
WTP was also higher in terms of compulsory payments than voluntary payments, indicating that there is a tendency of free riding if individuals are not obliged to pay.
At the societal level, high youth unemployment endangers the functioning of social security systems, which depend on a sufficient number of compulsory payments from workers in order to operate (Isengard 2003).
Temporary migrants instead do not have any incentive to save and invest in the destination country; however, they actually do, especially with compulsory payments to national pension systems, which are difficult to withdraw or carry back to the origin country.1.1
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Little agreement could be reached on religious matters, especially on the vexing question of the compulsory payment of tithes.
The community service, along with a compulsory payment of $185 and two days anger management course, was her punishment for throwing a mobile phone at her housemaid, Ana Scolavino, who needed four stitches to the head.
The payment vehicle was used as voluntary continuous donation, contributed through a monthly water bill for 3 years, which could catch the present value of preferences for biodiversity conservation and also prevent potential protests due to compulsory payment like taxes [23].
The payment vehicle was used as voluntary continuous donation, contributed through a monthly water bill for three years, which could catch the present value of preferences for biodiversity conservation and also prevent potential protests due to compulsory payment like taxes (Rolfe et al., [2000]).
The issue of mandatory union dues moves to the SCOTUS floor from California, where schoolteacher Rebecca Friedrichs and fellow Orange County educators have banded together to fight compulsory payment of collective bargaining fees by non-members of the union.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com