Our study involved 5 reportable (compulsory notification) diseases (malaria, leishmaniasis [cutaneous and visceral]), dengue fever, and leprosy) of the 44 reportable diseases with national coverage and 10 diseases with sentinel surveillance in Brazil.
Also, EMA licensing is not compulsory for some disease areas, such as mental health.
Finally, case ascertainment for some types of myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic disorder is likely to have been incomplete before the introduction of the 2001 WHO classification, because cancer registration was not compulsory for these diseases when their malignant nature was not fully recognised (NICE, 2003; Phekoo et al, 2006).
In the days of the Soviet Union, the powerful Sanitation and Epidemiology Service, or "SanEp," sought out infectious diseases and stamped them out with compulsory vaccinations and annual disease screenings: chest X-rays for tuberculosis, blood tests for syphilis.
Publicly funded services are divided into 22 different categories, for example, diagnostic tests including medical laboratory diagnostic, services aimed at health protection, prevention of diseases and injuries, early detection of diseases, including compulsory vaccinations, primary health care, outpatient specialist services, and inpatient care.
Even into the 20th century the only effective control applied to prevent the spread of the disease was compulsory segregation of the patient, frequently in large "leper colonies".
Several vaccinations, e.g. against foot-and-mouth disease, are compulsory but free of charge during state campaigns.
The implementation of dosimetry in 131I-NaI treatments for benign thyroid disease is compulsory in some countries, which may explain the geographical variability, as further highlighted in Fig. 4.
Exercise can be recognised as a compulsory element of integrated disease management.
Another contributing factor was the compulsory reporting of the disease beginning on October 1, 2000.
