The third category comprises cost-sensitive learning approaches that consider a different cost for the misclassification of each class [12, 13].
The objective function of this problem tends to minimise the generalised cost (1) which comprises the costs for pre- and post-haulage by road plus the main haulage using the waterways (including possible economies of scale) and the transhipment at the terminals.
In general, however, such lists do not comprise agreed costs for frequently observed clinical events as estimates for the actual costs accrued (so-called costs for clinical events).
Direct healthcare costs and direct non-healthcare costs comprise respectively: costs of visits for primary and secondary care, home care, drugs, and for visits to an alternative or informal health therapist.
Total 1-year, plan-wide costs (comprising screening costs, follow-up services costs, and breast cancer treatment costs) are calculated for the FFDM and FFDM + DBT scenarios, respectively.
The total costs, comprising operating costs (freshwater, wastewater treatment, pumping) and investment costs (piping, holding tanks), are minimised for a given time horizon.
We consider a complex economical objective that accounts for the total operational costs comprising a cost of consumed diluant, costs related to duration of processing, and a cost of product loss.
The former comprises investment costs, operational costs and maintenance costs of P2G.
A substantial part of this cost comprised staffed/supported accommodation costs, as well as productivity losses for individuals and their carers.
For the EDCTS approach, total costs were comprised of screening cost and the cost of treatment by stage.
