We suggest the possibility that cellular injury responses, activation of innate immunity, accumulation of dysfunctional, dysdifferentiated progenitors [mesenchymal macrophage- and adipocyte-like default (MAD) cells (Kirkland et al., 2002)], and cellular senescence may all be within a spectrum of activated pro-inflammatory fates comprising an alternative differentiation state.
Small but efficient libraries comprise an attractive alternative.
In contrast, if dilution can be accurately accounted for, field-derived enrichment factors comprise a suitable alternative to laboratory-derived and redox-specific enrichment factors.
Land treatment systems comprise a possible alternative solution for wastewater management in cases where the construction of conventional (mechanical) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not afforded or other disposal option are not accessible.
Land treatment systems comprise a possible alternative solution for wastewater management in cases where the constructions of conventional wastewater treatment plants are not afforded or other disposal option are not accessible.
Lignocellulosic resources comprise a promising alternative to fossil fuels and, in the context of the global warming crisis, the need to find ways of converting these materials into usable forms of energy has become of paramount importance and may have strong socioeconomic implications, especially in developing tropical countries [ 2].
The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) which constitutes an autologous concentrate of thrombocytes in a small volume of plasma comprises an efficient alternative to growth factors.
In the opinion of the authors, the platelet gel as a reproducible, low-cost and minimally invasive technique comprises an efficient alternative to myocutaneous flaps.
All variants have one thing in common: they require respondents to examine all alternatives comprising a choice scenario and to perform a dual choice by identifying not only the best but also the worst attribute, attribute level, or combination of multiple attribute levels [30, 31].
It was proposed that these tpsCs comprise a reservoir of alternative C-terminal regions and that exchange of the 3' end of tpsA by a tpsC cassette alters the CDI mechanism [ 26].
