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All the questions were developed by the authors to assess the impact of the campaign, and were piloted to check for readability, comprehension, face and content validity.
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After translation and cultural adaptation, all questions scored 6 or higher, corresponding to reasonable comprehension during face validation and no changes were deemed necessary.
Prior to the Norwegian HBSC study data collections, also comprehensive qualitative pilot studies have been conducted for both primary and secondary schools to ensure psychometric quality and to verify item comprehension, clarity face validity and ease of completion.
The naive comprehension principle faces several problems.
The naive comprehension principle faced the problem of generating an existent winged horse.
Hillary Clinton has never shown an iota of bravery, or even of comprehension, in facing down the CIA.
"It's a Caspar David Friedrich iceberg made out of chalk?" he said, scanning Zhukova's face for comprehension.
It was robustly developed, with good test re-test reliability, face validity, comprehension and readability.
Not all the problems facing humanity are caused by science, but the idea that "comprehension is moving across the face of the Earth, like the sunrise", as Dawkins' chosen quote continues, is surely more of a contender for Pseuds Corner than the Nobel prize for literature.
My grandmother stopped in her tracks, face ashen, beyond comprehension.
The destroyed face showed no comprehension of anything except that something was terribly wrong.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com