Inclusion criteria were a history of a hip disorder, a score of ≥4 on a modified Tegner Activity Scale [ 18], and sufficient reading and comprehension capacity.
Based on their field observations, the authors identify challenges related to disclosure, comprehension, capacity, voluntariness and consent, and argue for cultural adaptations while upholding the intended ethical principles [ 18].
Our results demonstrate a complex interplay of neural structure, neural activity, and performance, which support our main predictions: First, we found no evidence for age-related performance differences in the comprehension of syntax with or without semantic support or in more general sentence comprehension capacities.
Among these patients, we selected 10 who met all of the following inclusion criteria: (1) pain and phantom sensation in the upper limb; (2) no hand or no sensation in the residual hand; (3) severe paresis with manual muscle testing score 0 1; and (4) normal comprehension and intellectual capacity according to the Japanese Adult Reading Test25.
For each child, the speed of reading, the text comprehension, and the capacity for reading words/pseudowords has been evaluated by using the L2MA battery [29].
This is probably because speech comprehension and the capacity of auditory short-term memory are either structurally or functionally related.
"Dementia" is defined as a "clinical syndrome due to disease of the brain, usually of a progressive nature, which leads to disturbances of multiple higher cortical functions, including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgment".
In the current study dementia was defined as a syndrome caused by disease of the brain, usually of a chronic or progressive nature, in which there is disturbance of multiple higher cortical functions, including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language and judgment [ 13].
Further development may provide intensive care unit healthcare workers with a new device to assess comprehension and attention capacities of patients.
Several studies have shown the effectiveness of targeted educational efforts in improving the comprehension and decisional capacities of research participants [ 25- 27], including a positive effect on TM in some groups [ 28].
"We have evidence that Reading First helped young students increase their ability to read words, but not their capacity for comprehension, and the national assessment especially measures reading comprehension," Professor Valencia said.
