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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that a fraction of amorphous compounds was removed.
The sol gel was prepared using three different trioxysilanes: 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTOS), 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GOPMOS) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS), without alcohol addition, and alcohol formed during the hydrolysis of the precursor compounds was removed.
The culture medium containing compounds was removed, and the cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min.
The hexane layer (top layer) which contained fatty compounds was removed and the entire process was repeated twice.
At the concentrations higher that 100 mg/L of 2-CP and 3-CP, only small portion of these phenolic compounds was removed at the beginning of the aeration period.
After 1 h, incubation medium containing labelling compounds was removed from cells, cells were washed twice with PBS and incubated with culture medium containing 10%% FBS for 12 days.
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For the second model (compound removal, Additional file 1: Figure S1B), whole compounds were removed at random.
These compounds were removed in the following order of efficiencies in all the tested conditions: carbamazepine > ibuprofen > clofibric acid.
Almost all targeted pharmaceutical compounds were removed to a very high degree, often below the method detection limit.
The cathode performance was able to recover by potential cycling under high humidity conditions, as the ionic compounds were removed from the Pt surface.
The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test was utilized to determine whether some compounds were removed from bio-oil based on the functional groups present.
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