All versions of the periodic table include only chemical elements, not mixtures, compounds, or subatomic particles.
Characteristics of PM2.5 that may be relevant to toxicity include metals, organic compounds adsorbed onto particles or forming particles themselves, biologic components, sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), acidity, and surface-adsorbed reactive gases such as ozone (O3) [ Health Effects Institute 2002; National Research Council NRCC) 2004].
Particulate matter is a potential threat to objects in the museums due to soiling and chemical reactions from harmful compounds inside the particles or on the surface between the particle and the deposited surface.
In order to use such alternative systems of the respiratory tract for studying the effect of airborne compounds like gases, particles, or complex aerosols like cigarette smoke or diesel exhaust, special devices for direct exposure of cultivated cells or bacteria were established [ 3– 9].
Rats were exposed by inhalation for 5 d (6 h/d) to either sanded joint compound consisting of both chrysotile fibers and sanded joint compound particles or amosite asbestos.
Smoke consists of gases (phenols, organic acids, carboniles and other compounds) and particles (pitch, tar, ash and soot).
DEPs are a heterogeneous mixture of EC, sulfates, nitrates, metals, trace elements, organic compounds, and particles of various sizes.
Organic compounds, ultrafine particles, biologic components, and transition metals are some of the constituents that reportedly exert some type of adverse effect on human health.
Successful metallurgical design of metal-matrix-composites relies on the knowledge of the intrinsic property profiles of the metal matrix and especially the compounds employed for particles, whiskers or fibres.
