We also discuss how the hybrid character of the array can be used to measure mass composition of the primary cosmic rays by estimating the relative contents of muons with respect to the EM component of extensive air showers.
Elements of an ionization-neutron calorimeter designed to study the spectrum and composition of the primary cosmic radiation up to energies of ∼1016eV and based on new technologies are considered.
However, in the intensely human-affected systems (such as mining and tilling areas), arsenic mobilization is dependent on the composition of the primary materials, treatment methods, storage design, and local climate.
New technique based on the ionization-neutron calorimeter (INCA) and designed to study the energy spectrum and composition of the primary cosmic radiation in the "knee" region as well as the spectrum of primary electrons in the range 0.1 10 TeV is discussed.
Potentialities of a multipurpose astrophysical orbital observatory designed on the basis of ionization-neutron calorimetry for direct studies of energy spectra and charge composition of the primary cosmic radiation in a wide energy range up to the "knee" energies (1015 1016 eV) and other astrophysical goals are considered.
These findings determine how this microRNA pair alters the composition of the primary tumour microenvironment to favour breast cancer metastasis, and demonstrate a correlation between miR-126/126 downregulation and poor metastasis-free survival of breast cancer patients.
This reduction is expected to be achieved through further improvement of the energy efficiency of HS trains and their operations on one side and by changing type and composition of the primary sources for producing electric energy on the other.
Here, we explore how the combinatorial knowledge of allele quality and quantity, an improved understanding of the biological composition of the primary cilium, and the expanded appreciation of the subcellular roles of this organelle can be synthesized to generate improved models that can explain both causality but also variable penetrance and expressivity.
Neutrino fluxes are determined by a combination of four factors: 1) the energy spectrum and composition of the primary cosmic radiation, 2) production of pions, kaons and charmed hadrons in collisions of nucleons and other hadrons with nuclei of the atmosphere, 3) kinematics of hadron decays to neutrinos, and 4) the density profile of the atmosphere.
the energy spectrum and composition of the primary cosmic radiation, production of pions, kaons and charmed hadrons in collisions of nucleons and other hadrons with nuclei of the atmosphere, kinematics of hadron decays to neutrinos, and. the density profile of the atmosphere.
