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Such employment is likely to affect the quantity and the composition of emissions and potential biologic effects of the exhaust (Graboski and McCormick 1998).
Availability of a range of biomass fuels, varying composition of emissions and biomass emission factors of the same fuel vary across Indian states and in different seasons are some of the challenges in exposure assessment.
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Furthermore, depending on the composition of emission sources and mainly the composition of the vehicle fleet, the degree to which NO2 is representative as an indicator of vehicle exhausts could differ between cities and consequently complicate the comparison of coefficients between cities.
The approach used is at least as effective as methods based on isotopic ratios but has the added advantage of providing direct constraint on a large suite of elements, and of being independent of changes in the isotopic composition of emissions.
It was confirmed that there exists a quantifiable relationship between diesel-fuel variables of the fuel blends, the chemical composition of the emissions, and their biological effects.
Certainly new engineering controls will change the composition of tailpipe emissions, and it is important to ensure that the new technologies provide health benefits but not produce unintended health hazards.
A number of variables and attributes such as combustion process conditions and practices, as well as the quality of the raw material used affect the composition of emissions released (Ohlström et al. 2005).
Second, it is important to be able to estimate changes in health risks that will result from changes in the composition of emissions.
In general, the factor profiles, which reflect the composition of emissions in each source, (Table 1; see also Supplemental Material, Tables S3 S8) were similar across sites, as previously observed for an earlier period (Lee et al. 2011).
The composition of emissions affects toxicity, as has been demonstrated by differences in the in vitro (bacterial mutagenicity) and in vivo (lung responses to instilled material) responses among seven samples of engine emissions collected from "normal-emitting" and "high-emitting" gasoline and diesel vehicles (Seagrave et al. 2002).
A substantial data base was developed on the composition of diesel emissions; the fate of these emissions in the atmosphere; and the effects of whole particles and their chemical constituents on microorganisms, cells, and animals.
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