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Diet composition and contamination were assessed.
We compare DNA preservation within archaeological dental calculus and dentin from the same tooth, with a specific focus on four main measures: (1) DNA abundance, (2) microbial community composition and contamination, (3) human DNA content, and (4) DNA fragmentation and damage patterns.
The levels of heavy metals in cultivated mushrooms are normally lower than in wild ones most likely due to the soil composition and contamination and to the age of the mycelium (part of the mushroom that grows under the ground surface) which may be several years in nature in a wild mushroom compared with a few months in the cultivated ones (Kalač & Svoboda 2000).
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These minerals content in raw cow milk may vary depending on several factors i.e. lactation period of cows, health conditions, seasonal variations, climatic conditions, annual feed composition and environmental contamination (Licata et al. 2004; Yahaya et al. 2010).
The concentration of carbonyl compounds in raw spirits depends on the quality of raw materials, their chemical composition, and microbial contamination.
The isotope ratios at the lower and upper end of the step-profile were regarded as outliers, as their number was rather small compared to the main isotopic compositions (one certified isotopic composition and the contamination).
In comparison, forestry residues represent a potential low-cost input but are considered a more challenging feedstock for sugar production due to complexities in composition and potential contamination arising from soil that may be present.
In this case quantitative deprotection was achieved regardless of the block composition and no catalyst contamination problems were encountered.
It can offer a better controllable material composition and prevent undesirable contamination, as well as avoid a high-temperature vacuum environment that may introduce segregation of metallic impurities [26, 29].
To achieve our objective three fundamental questions needed to be answered: 1) Are non-invasively collected tissue exudates compatible with MS-based shotgun proteomics? 2) What is the composition and extent of contamination by saliva of the exudate proteome?
Reliable, cheap, and sensitive portable chemical sensors have been highly pursued for applications in food analysis and food safety, allowing monitoring of the chemical composition, taste and smell, and contamination by microorganisms including bacteria and fungus, among other applications.
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