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In metaphysics, her work has focused on theories of substance, especially on the problem of persistence through change and on Aristotle's view that substances are composites of matter and form.
They too are composites of matter and form.
In other words, Leibniz can be interpreted as advocating, at least in this period, a kind of Aristotelian hylomorphism, in which substances are composites of matter and form.
After Aristotle's texts had been assimilated, almost all medieval academic theories had an ontology which was basically hylomorphic: substances were composites of matter and form, and change was described as the loss of one form and the acquisition of another.
Nevertheless, while this line of reasoning is plausible, it is not found clearly stated in any medieval author I know of.[4] The notion that all creatures are composites of matter and form requires that something be said about what we might otherwise call "immaterial" substances angels, Aristotelian "separated substances," the human soul after death.
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The same is true if we say that God is a composite of matter and form, genus and specific difference, or essence and accident.
Even if the sequence contains thousands of members, there is no way to account for the complexity of a celestial sphere, which is a composite of matter and form.
Archytas' refusal to split the intelligible from the sensible may have made him a more attractive figure to Aristotle, who devoted four books to him (Huffman 2005: 583 594) and praised his definitions for treating the composite of matter and form, not of form separate from matter (Metaph. 1043a14 26).
If every composite substance is a complex of matter and form, then each would be a hermaphrodite, rather than a male or a female as is the case with animals.
According to Avicebron, as well as some of William's contemporaries, souls are composite in the sense that they are composites of form and matter, though not a matter that involves physical dimensions, but rather what some called "spiritual matter".
But as Scotus elaborates his views on form and matter, he espouses three important theses that mark him off from some other philosophers of his day: he holds that there exists matter that has no form whatsoever, that not all created substances are composites of form and matter, and that one and the same substance can have more than one substantial form.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com