Based on changes in FEB, the possible transition from non-composite to composite wetting state is innovatively developed.
The proposed SAFE formulation is applied to several examples, including anisotropic viscoelastic layered plates, composite-to-composite adhesive joints and railroad tracks.
The structural bonding performance of composite-to-composite joints, evaluated in lap-shear and peel tests, was reasonably maintained for adhesives containing 0.5 wt% or 1 wt% SWCNTs.
In vitro, analysis of composite-to-composite bonding can be done either by applying a shear or microtensile forces.
The durability of composite-to-composite repair bonding depends on the adhesion between the polymerized substrate and the adhering composite resin.
Composite-to-composite bonding after aging has been investigated in several studies [ 27, 28] without a common consensus on which aging method represents the worst case or clinically most relevant scenario.
Due to aging of the composite resin surface in the dynamic oral environment, the adhesive strength of composite-to-composite restorations decreases by 25%to80%0% compared to their original strength [ 16, 17].
The objectives of this study were to compare the strengths of composite-to-composite bonding for microhybrid, nanohybrid, and nanofilled composite resins after different aging methods and to analyze the effect of different aging conditions on the composite surface.
The success of composite-to-composite bonding in repair through relayering depends on the condition of the composite resin surface, including its composition [ 11], roughness [ 12], wettability [ 13], and the surface conditioning methods applied [ 11, 14– 16].
To date, there is no consensus on whether the strength of composite-to-composite bonding should be evaluated in a shear or microtensile mode, although it can be argued that clinically, in the repair of composite restorations, applied forces are predominantly in the shear mode, as applied here.
Satisfactory results were obtained when the number of calibration samples was reduced from 25 (full central composite) to 17 (fractional central composite) using the net analyte-based NAP method.
