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Reduction involves (1) investigating parts and mechanisms in order to understand a system in a bottom-up manner; (2) explaining an effect by only selected causes and/or only at some specific level/scale of interest; (3) ascribing causal responsibility mainly to lower levels, typically the molecular level; and/or (4) assuming the independence of composite mechanisms (=modularity assumptions).
Composite mechanisms have been proposed and the evidence recently reviewed.
47 Reduction of "cerebral" IPC protection in the aged brain may be due to the composite mechanisms that characterize the aged brain, ie, loss in number of neurons, impairment in the mitochondria function with an increase in reactive oxygen species production, alteration in gene expression and metabolic regulation, and alteration in intracellular calcium homeostasis.
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Another piece of evidence for a composite mechanism is the detection of reaction intermediates.
COR659 apparently exerts its effects via a composite mechanism, including positive allosteric modulation of the GABAB receptor and an action at the cannabinoid CB1 receptor.
A crank-rocker-cam composite mechanism is designed to realize the fin pitching motion and surface change motion synchronously with one driving motor.
In order to create a more credible architecture for social simulation, the present paper introduces a rich, expressive decision process based upon a composite mechanism: polar hermeneutics.
A composite mechanism of both chemical and microbial enhancement of the modified anode is proposed to explain its excellent electrochemical performance.
For the establishment of keys for new nodes and mobile nodes, we propose a composite mechanism based on the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) in which resource consumption can also be kept very low.
Instead, we observed a global decrease in membrane order and change in the cellular lipid repertoire that was associated with upregulation of TLR-triggered signaling, suggesting that SMPDL3B activity may affect innate immunity signaling by an alternative, possibly composite mechanism.
Based on our current findings along with previous studies, we propose the following composite mechanism for the complete antifolate resistance under hypoxia: 1) Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which is responsible for the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, requires oxygen for its catalytic activity and thus is instantaneously inactivated under hypoxia.
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