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This information forms the input to quadratic, stress-interactive constituent-based failure criteria to predict damage at the composite level.
Subsequently, micromechanical study was adopted to investigate the microscopic mechanisms underlying the composite level behavior of ECC under those aggressive environments.
On the composite level, ECC specimens were characterized at various temperature levels up to 600 °C under both uniaxial tension and compression.
At the composite level, this paper shows how strength varies with the reclamation cycle, re-impregnation process and loading direction, while stiffness remains virtually unaffected.
This is in contrast to many current inelastic models for soft fiber-reinforced composites which specify evolution equations directly at the composite level.
Without any calibration procedure at the composite level, good agreement with the experimental data is observed for different loading conditions, including strain-rate dependency.
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We propose an extended version of adaptive fuzzy behavior hierarchies, termed Multiple Composite Levels (MCL), that allows for the proper modulation of composite behaviors over multiple levels of a behavior hierarchy, and demonstrate its effectiveness for a hybrid learning/reactive control system.
For total As and inorganic As, the mean individual and composite levels were significantly different for the littleneck and butter clams but not for the oysters.
Calculating the item-level and the composite-level percent of positive and negative responses allowed for the identification of areas of strength (at least 75% of respondents answer positively) and areas with potential for improvement (less than 50% answer positively).
For example, for a four-item composite, if the item-level percent positive responses were 40, 50, 60 and 50%%, the medical office's composite-level percent positive response would be the average of these four percentages, or 50%% positive.
*the composite-level percentage of positive responses was calculated using the following formula: (number of positive responses to the items in the composite/total number of responses to the items (positive, neutral, and negative) in the composite (excluding missing responses))*100.
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