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Since then, it has been used to reconstruct composite defect in the head and neck area.
Experimental results confirm that four kinds of composite defect patterns are successfully extracted and separated.
The first has a defect layer of Aα, the second has a composite defect, ABβA, and the third has a interleaving defect Bγ.
We reported one case of composite defect created after maxillectomy for osteosarcoma of the anterior upper jaw, which was successfully reconstructed by a pedicled submental osteocutaneous chimeric mandible flap.
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Severe ballistic or avulsion injuries to the face create complex, composite defects.
The free fibular flap is a popular flap for treating these composite defects.
A wide range of techniques were available for the reconstruction of composite defects resulted from the treatment of advanced mandibular osteoradionecrosis.
A total maxillectomy always causes composite defects of maxilla, zygomatic bone, orbital floor or rim, and palatal and nasal mucosa lining.
Non destructive testing is widely applied in power plants, aerospace, nuclear industry, military and defence, storage tank inspection, pipe and tube inspection and composite defects characterization.
Male patients, composite defects including bones and the use of bone flaps presented higher rates of venous insufficiency with statistical significance.
Since reconstruction of composite defects in the head and neck region is a challenging and demanding problem for head and neck surgeons, surgical aids have been sought for decades.
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