In this paper, we model embedded system design and optimization, considering component redundancy and uncertainty in the component reliability estimates.
Additionally, the results obtained in this paper indicate that achieving modular redundancy in series and series parallel systems provides significant advantages when compared with component redundancy.
Additionally, through comparing on- and off-grid design trade-offs, the need for component redundancy for systems with islanding capabilities is analysed.
Therefore, to increase the efficiency, reliability and maintainability of a multilevel reliability system, the design engineer has to shift away from the traditional focus on component redundancy, and deal more effectively with issues pertaining to modular redundancy.
With the need to respond to and integrate a multitude of external and internal stimuli, plant signaling is highly complex, exhibiting signaling component redundancy and high interconnectedness between individual pathways.
In this paper, we study a collection of operational availability maximization problems, in which the component redundancy and the spares stocking quantities are to be determined simultaneously under economic and physical constraints.
Nonetheless, it is also possible that fundamental pathways and networks are effectively larger as a result of relatively high-level component redundancy, a feature that would increase their robustness and versatility and ensure essential cellular functions in normal tissues under a variety of conditions.
Concept design strategies for robustness include diversity and heterogeneity of components, functional redundancy and modularity.
In the literature, reliability optimization is widely considered during the system design phase and it is carried out by an opportune selection of both system components and redundancy.
This problem aims to choose an optimal combination of components and redundancy levels for a system with a series parallel configuration that maximizes the overall system reliability.
